Fixed Deposit vs Mutual Funds & Know Which is Better for You

What are Fixed Deposits?

What are Mutual Funds?

Key Differences Between Fixed Deposit and Mutual Funds

Understanding the differences between fixed deposits and mutual funds helps investors choose the right option based on their risk appetite and financial goals. Here's a breakdown of the key differences:

Basis Fixed Deposits Mutual Funds
Meaning  A fixed deposit is a financial product a bank or an NBFC provides to the customer. The latter invests a fixed sum at an agreed interest rate for a fixed time. Mutual funds pool together the money of many investors. It invests the money in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other assets. Returns depend upon the performance of those investments.
Lock-in Period A fixed deposit has a lock-in period of a few months to years. Mutual funds do not generally have a lock-in period. However, ELSS has a mandatory lock-in period of 3 years.
Regulatory Authority Governed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the specific banks or financial institutions providing them. Governed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
Accessibility  FDs are relatively less accessible. Premature withdrawal is allowed but at low interest. Mutual funds are more accessible, and you can withdraw your investment at any time.
Expenses FDs do not have any management fee or cost. Mutual funds charge an annual fee called the Expense Ratio.
Risk Low-risk guaranteed returns. Market risk is subject to fluctuations in the value of underlying assets.
Returns Fixed interest rate, predictable. Variable returns, dependent on market performance.
Capital Protection The principal is safe and guaranteed. No guarantee the principal can fluctuate based on market conditions.
Liquidity It can be withdrawn prematurely but with a penalty. It can be redeemed on any business day at the current Net Asset Value (NAV).
Investment Horizon Short to medium term (usually 1 to 5 years). Medium to long-term (ideal for long-term growth).
Taxation Taxable interest income, TDS applicable. Tax on capital gains (short-term and long-term), tax benefits for some types like ELSS.
Management Self-managed, no professional management involved. Professionally managed by fund managers.
Minimum Investment Typically low, it can start with a small amount. Varies can be as low as a few hundred rupees for SIPs.
Diversification Not applicable, invests in a single asset. Diversified across various securities like stocks, bonds, and other assets.
Return Potential Lower return potential. Higher return potential, but with higher risk.

Advantages of Investing in Fixed Deposits and Mutual Funds

Investing in fixed deposits (FDs) and mutual funds offers distinct advantages. It caters to different financial goals and risk appetites. Here is a side-by-side advantage of both:

Basis Advantages of Fixed Deposits Advantages of Mutual Funds
Safety FDs are one of the safest investment options. They guarantee return and are immune to market fluctuations. Mutual funds invest in various assets. This reduces the risk associated with any single security and provides investors with broader market exposure.
Returns The rate of interest on an FD is available at the start of the investment, generating a predictable yield during the investment period. The fund managers make all the investment decisions. They apply their knowledge to make well-informed decisions that fetch better returns.
Capital Protection Due to the safety of the principal amount and fixed return, FDs offer capital protection. This makes it ideal for conservative investors. Mutual funds do not guarantee capital protection as they depend on market performance.
Liquidity FDs provide liquidity with ease, as you can withdraw it before maturity. They may carry a penalty on the interest accrued. You can buy or sell mutual funds at their current net asset value (NAV) on any business day. This gives investors flexibility and liquidity.
Tax Savings Fixed deposits are eligible for deductions under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. They come with a lock-in period of 5 years. Some mutual funds, like Equity-linked Savings Schemes (ELSS), allow benefits under Section 80C. They may also offer tax benefits on capital gains.

Safety Considerations for Investing in Fixed Deposits and Mutual Funds

Given below is a detailed comparison of safety considerations for fixed deposits (FDs) and mutual funds (MFs):

Basis Fixed Deposits (FDs) Mutual Funds (MFs)
Capital Protection High safety (Principal is secure if held to maturity). Varies (No capital guarantee, value depends on the market).
Risk Level Low risk (Government or bank-backed, fixed returns). Varies (Market risk, depends on the type of fund).
Returns Fixed and predictable. Varies (Depends on fund performance and market conditions).
Liquidity Low (Penalty for premature withdrawal). High (Can be redeemed at market value, though may incur fees).
Regulatory Safety Regulated by RBI for banks and SEBI for NBFCs. SEBI regulates, ensuring a framework for investor protection.
Diversification None (Single investment in one institution). High (Invests in multiple assets like stocks, bonds, etc.).
Inflation Risk Moderate (Returns may not always outpace inflation). High (Returns may be volatile and may or may not beat inflation).
Taxation Interest income is taxable as per the income tax slab. The tax depends on the holding period (Short-term or long-term).
Emergency Access Limited access due to penalties on early withdrawal. Easy access (depending on the scheme type).
Interest Rate Risk Fixed, no changes during the tenure. High, as market conditions influence the value of investments.
Credit Risk Low (Government-backed or reputable institutions). High (Subject to underlying assets' credit quality).
Investor Protection Covered by DICGC (up to ₹5 lakh per depositor). Investor protection through SEBI and AMFI regulations.

Which is Better - Fixed Deposits or Mutual Funds?

FAQs about Fixed Deposit vs Mutual Funds

Which is better, FD or mutual funds?

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Both are good investment options. FDs are better for safety and guaranteed returns, while mutual funds offer higher potential returns but come with more risk.

What are the main differences between FD and mutual funds?

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The main difference between FDs and mutual funds is that FDs have fixed interest, low risk, and guaranteed returns. Mutual funds, on the other hand, are market-linked and have variable returns, higher risk, and growth potential.

What are the benefits of investing in FD and Mutual Funds?

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The benefits of FDs are that they are safe, provide fixed returns, and have low risk. Mutual funds provide diversification and have the potential for higher returns and professional management.

What are the disadvantages of investing in FD and mutual funds?

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FDs have disadvantages, including low returns, inflation risk, and liquidity issues. Conversely, mutual funds have market risk, no guaranteed returns, and management fees.

Which one is safer, fixed deposits or mutual funds?

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Fixed deposits are safer. They provide a guaranteed return and protect the principal amount. Mutual funds have market risks. The value of your investment will vary based on the performance of the underlying assets.

Can I lose money in a fixed deposit?

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No, for fixed deposits, you cannot lose your principal amount. The bank or financial institution always guarantees it. But, the penalty for early withdrawal applies. The interest rate might be lower than anticipated.

What is the return potential in mutual funds compared to fixed deposits?

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Mutual funds have more return potential because they invest in a diversified portfolio of assets, such as stocks and bonds, that can grow considerably over time. Fixed deposits, on the other hand, will give stable but relatively lower returns because the interest rate is fixed.

Are mutual funds more tax-efficient than fixed deposits?

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Mutual funds, specifically ELSS, offer tax benefits under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. They are more tax-efficient. In contrast, fixed deposit interest is considered income, and TDS is deducted, which may reduce your returns.

Which one is better for short-term goals: FD or mutual funds?

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Fixed deposits are better for short-term objectives. Returns are almost inevitable and the risk is less. Mutual funds are more suitable for long-term objectives since they yield higher returns, although they are riskier in the short run.

Is FD 100% safe?

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No, while FDs are considered one of the safest investment options, they are not 100% secure. Factors like bank reputation, credit ratings, and diversification impact FD security.

Can I withdraw FD anytime?

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Yes, banks allow you to withdraw the fixed deposit amount prematurely or upon maturity. However, partial withdrawal before maturity is not allowed if the account is a Tax Saver/Non-Withdrawable Fixed Deposit.

Is a mutual fund taxable?

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Yes, mutual fund gains and profits are taxable, just like those from the majority of the other asset classes you invest in. Understanding the tax on mutual funds rules before investing will be beneficial because taxes are difficult to avoid.

What is the minimum investment required to invest in a fixed deposit and a mutual fund?

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The minimum investment in a fixed deposit varies by bank/financial institution; it may be as low as ₹1,000. The minimum for mutual funds may be even lower: around ₹500 for a SIP, although this may vary depending on the fund.

Can I invest in both fixed deposits and mutual funds at the same time?

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Yes, you can invest in both fixed deposits and mutual funds simultaneously. Many investors choose this approach to balance safety and growth, combining the stability of fixed deposits with the growth potential of mutual funds.

How is the interest earned from a fixed deposit taxed?

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Interest from a fixed deposit is added to your income and taxed according to the income tax slab. In case the interest earned from the fixed deposit exceeds ₹40,000 in a year or ₹50,000 if you are a senior citizen, then TDS will be applicable.

Disclaimer

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  • This is an informative article provided on 'as is' basis for awareness purpose only and not intended as a professional advice. The content of the article is derived from various open sources across the Internet. Digit Life Insurance is not promoting or recommending any aspect in the article or its correctness. Please verify the information and your requirement before taking any decisions.
  • All the figures reflected in the article are for illustrative purposes. The premium for Coverage that one buys depends on various factors including customer requirements, eligibility, age, demography, insurance provider, product, coverage amount, term and other factors
  • Tax Benefits, if applicable depend on the Tax Regime opted by the individual and the applicable tax provision. Please consult your Tax consultant before making any decision.

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