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Antimitochondrial Antibody or AMA Tests: Meaning, Procedure, Risks

Healthcare professionals perform AMA tests to examine the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies in a blood sample. The test is often performed to detect a condition known as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis. This is an autoimmune condition.

Keep reading to learn all about this test and its procedures.

Team Digit

Why Do People Need AMA Medical Tests?

A physician may recommend this test if you have symptoms relating to PBC (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) or other autoimmune disorders. These symptoms may include:

Experiencing constant fatigue
Experiences of pain in muscles and joints
Having chronic itchy skin (pruritus)
Experiences of pain in the abdomen
Yellowing of eyes and skin (jaundice)
Fluid build-up around the abdomen, feet, or ankles
Having a decreased appetite
Dryness in eyes
Having a dry mouth
Being nauseous
Losing weight

Why Does a Doctor Administer an AMA Test?

There are multiple reasons for administering this blood test. These include the following:

It is performed to detect antimitochondrial antibodies that make the body attack its cellular mitochondria.
This blood test helps identify issues relating to the liver and its bile duct.
These tests may even help determine advanced liver diseases.
It even helps determine thyroiditis, autoimmune hepatitis, liver blockages, etc.

How Does a Healthcare Expert Administer This Test?

The test is performed by administering the following steps:

Step 1: Firstly, a healthcare expert draws blood from a vein (venipuncture) with an airtight syringe or vial.

Step 2: The veins considered to draw blood from are situated inside the elbow or back of the hand.

Step 3: Choosing the most prominent vein, the healthcare professional inserts the needle and collects blood from the same.

What Does AMA Test Results Mean?

These blood tests may mean having the following outcomes:

Negative results mean there are no antimitochondrial antibodies detectable in the body.
Conversely, a positive result means a considerable number of these antibodies are in the bloodstream.
Though a positive result generally means the onset of PBC, it may also mean the onset of the following diseases- lupus, graft-versus-host disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

Does Anti Mitochondrial Antibody Test Pose Any Risks?

Though mostly safe, however, in some unforeseen circumstances, the test may pose the following risks:

Pain in the spot blood is drawn from
Soreness in the spot blood is drawn from
Bleeding from the spot
Bruising in the spot
Infection on the spot
Experiences of dizziness

What Might Affect a Mitochondrial AB Test Result?

The following conditions may affect this test results of yours:

If you are a middle-aged woman, there are higher chances of developing PBC.
PBC is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as Sjögren syndrome.
Aforesaid abnormal autoimmune functions even affect your test results.

How to Get Ready for a Mitochondrial Antibody Test?

This test, in particular, does not require any preparation. But, it is important to inform your doctor if you are pregnant or on any medication.

It is necessary to note that not all PMC patients, determined by AMA tests, are positive for mitochondrial antibodies. Hence, further detailed intervention by doctors is necessary in order to determine the exact health concern in a patient to determine the right treatment.

When is it Important to undergo AMA Medical Tests?

AMA (Antimitochondrial Antibody) tests are essential when doctors suspect autoimmune liver diseases, particularly Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). This test helps in early diagnosis, which is crucial for starting treatment before severe liver damage occurs.

You may need an AMA test if you experience:

Persistent fatigue or weakness
Unexplained weight loss
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Itchy skin or dry eyes
Chronic digestive issues

Since autoimmune diseases often develop silently, doctors recommend tests based on symptoms and medical history. Sometimes, you might be required to undergo an AMA test several times, which will ultimately increase the overall cost.

Hence, having a health insurance policy with complimentary health check-ups is important so that you can get screened without any financial concern.

FAQs About Antimitochondrial Antibody

All

What are the ranges of AMA tests?

The ranges are as follows:

Negative: <0.1 Units
Borderline: 0.1-0.3 Units
Weakly positive: 0.4-0.9 Units
Positive: > or =1.0 Units

Reference values apply to all ages

What does AMA M2 positive mean?

The development of anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody (AMA-M2) is specific to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). It is even found in certain patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

What causes Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?

The cause why one contracts Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), formerly called primary biliary cirrhosis is not known yet. As per some experts the condition can rise if there is a problem with one’s immune system. Individuals with PBC also contracts autoimmune diseases.

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