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What is Endarterectomy Surgery? - Types, Risk & Cost

Endarterectomy is surgery on arteries. Due to consuming high cholesterol foods and leading a lazy life, people often face serious issues like obesity which may lead to artery blockage and heart attack. Therefore, it is very important to properly retain the working capability of arteries.

If you want to know what endarterectomy is and its details, keep reading.

Team Digit

What Is Endarterectomy?

After the consumption of fatty foods, your body stores extra fat substances in your arteries, which blocks the wide channel and affects blood flow. Endarterectomy surgery is a medical procedure where surgeons operate on narrowed or blocked arteries to fix them and make blood flow easily through them.

In this process, fatty substances are removed from the arteries to create space. Endarterectomy is generally performed on carotid arteries, as they are more prone to adversities.

What does Endarterectomy help to treat?

Doctors may recommend an endarterectomy if you suffer from atherosclerosis. Although the case for every individual is different, it is usually recommended for moderate to severe atherosclerosis.

What Are the Different Types of Endarterectomy?

There are two types of endarterectomy. They are:

1. Conventional or Classical Method

In this process, a surgeon makes a deep incision alongside the sternocleidomastoid muscle and reaches the carotid cover. Afterwards, they expose internal carotid arteries and cut open them to find the plaque that is the fatty substance stored in them. As the process completes, the arteries are repaired with patches.

Benefits

Helps the surgeon to use the shunt easily
Can prevent future risk of strokes

Survival Rate After Surgery: The 1-month stroke mortality and morbidity rate is around 5.8%.

Cost of Surgery: Approximately ₹ 80,000 to ₹ 110,000.

2. Eversion Method

This process has quite less clamping and operative time than the conventional one. In this process, surgeons evert the vessel wall circumferentially around the plaque. After that, they divide and remove plaque and repair the artery. Here, a patch on the arteries is not needed. Instead, surgeons sew arteries in an anastomotic fashion.

Benefits

It is an effective, safe, and durable procedure.
It reduces total operative time and ischemic.
It reduces the amount of postoperative neurological complications.

Survival Rate After Surgery: The 5-year patient survival rate is around 85%.

Cost of Surgery: Not Found.

How Should I Prepare for Endarterectomy Surgery?

Endarterectomy surgery requires a plethora of preparation, which is why patients are advised to follow the guidelines as prescribed by the specialist doctor. As prerequisites for preparation before the endarterectomy procedure, in most cases, the doctor asks you to quit smoking. This is due to the chances of chest infection, which slows the process of healing and may also result in embolism development.

In addition, if a patient undergoing this surgery is overweight, then he/she may also be recommended to reduce weight using light exercises. Furthermore, cutting down on junk and eating healthy will also help in many ways and accelerate healing.

What Are the Risk Factors of Endarterectomy?

The risk factors of carotid endarterectomy are as follows:

Heart attack
Stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Seizures
Harm to blood tissues around the incision area
Infection
Swelling around the incision area
High blood pressure
Irregularity in heartbeat
Blocked airway
New blockage in arteries

What to Expect Before an Endarterectomy?

You can expect the following things before undergoing an endarterectomy:

Your doctor will run different preoperative examinations on your health
Generally, you have to visit the hospital for these examinations on the previous day of the operation
Surgeons will check the health of your arteries and your overall health condition
Before this serious surgery, you need to stop smoking
If you are obese, try to lose weight for a smooth operation
Keep a positive attitude towards the operation

What to Expect During an Endarterectomy?

During an endarterectomy, you will experience the following things:

As the operation starts, surgeons will ask to remove any jewellery and objects from your body
You will be properly dressed in operating clothes
Surgeons will ask you to empty your bladder beforehand
Surgeons will start an IV in your arm or hand
Catheters will be placed on your wrist and neck to monitor your blood pressure and heartbeat
Body hair will be removed from the incision site
You will need to put on a hospital gown
The surgeon will put a catheter into your bladder to pass urine
An anesthesiologist will check your blood pressure, heart rate, and other health conditions
Anaesthesia and pain relief medicines will be provided
Surgeons will set up an artificial blood flowing system to keep your brain active
The surgeon will divert the blood flow from the surgery area and perform the surgery
The surgeon will place a pipe to your neck to pass excess blood
The healthcare team will provide necessary medicines and care during and after the operation

What to Expect After an Endarterectomy?

The following are the things to expect after an endarterectomy:

The healthcare team will shift you from the operation room to the recovery room
A nurse will remove that drainage pipe on the next day of the operation
The healthcare team will offer you solid food to check whether you can handle it
The healthcare team will also provide you with the necessary painkillers
Depending on your condition, you need to stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days
At home, keep your incision area dry and clean
Take proper rest and eat healthy foods

When to Call the Doctor?

If you notice the following symptoms after an endarterectomy procedure, then you should call your doctor immediately:

Fever
Pain near the incision area
Trouble in talking
Swelling and redness near the incision area
Double vision
Weakness
Numbness in one side of your body
Severe headache, etc.

Are There Alternatives to Endarterectomy?

Carotid endarterectomy is the primary procedure for narrowing carotid arteries. However, there is also an alternative procedure known as carotid artery stent placement or stenting.

Hope this guide will give you a comprehensive idea of what endarterectomy is in detail. This surgery is very common nowadays, and the survival rate is 78.2% for 5 years and 45.5% for 10 years. However, you should consult a cardiologist before going for this surgery to know deeply about the process.

What Is the Cost of Endarterectomy Surgery in India?

Endarterectomy Surgery costs approximately ₹ 58,800 to ₹ 1,21,000 in India; it might vary across the cities.

FAQs About Endarterectomy

All

What is sternocleidomastoid muscle?

It is a neck muscle that fixes your skull with the sternum and clavicle. The muscle has two divisions, the anterior and posterior triangles.

How long does it take to recover from an endarterectomy surgery?

Depending on your health condition, it may take 3 to 4 weeks to recover after an endarterectomy surgery.

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