Portugal, a hidden gem for scuba diving enthusiasts, offers a unique blend of beautiful beaches, warm waters, and vibrant marine life. The seas surrounding Portugal are a bustling ecosystem, home to diverse marine life. Imagine encountering pelagic life during your dives - it would make for excellent underwater photography and exploration.

Situated on the western coast of Europe, bordering Spain to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the country's location makes it an ideal diving destination for those seeking to experience something unique. The various dive sites here hold deep caves, shallow reefs, and sunken shipwrecks.

The Berlengas Islands, the Azores and the Madeira Islands are incredible scuba diving places in Portugal. Divers can expect shallow reef dives to deep cave explorations, perfect for all levels of scuba diving.

In this article, we'll take a deeper look into scuba diving in Portugal and some of the best and spell-binding places you must visit to get the most out of the water world in Portugal. 

1. Primavera, Berlengas Islands

The Berlengas Archipelago has three different islands – Berlenga Grande, Estela and Farilhões, which lie about 6 miles away from Cabo Carvoeiro. The Nature Reserve of the Berlengas was proclaimed the best underwater sanctuary in 1981. When diving here, one should be alert of strong currents and whirlpools.

Primavera is a famous shipwreck diving site in Berlengas. You can find incredible marine life here that is uncommon is many other diving sites. The wreckage is badly damaged yet conveys a beautiful feeling when diving around the ship.

• Popular Diving Spots: Miss Louise, Eglin Air Force Barge, Nazaré canon, Vapor do Trigo, Dago, Parede do Rabo de Asno, Baixa do Broeiro, Rinchão and Cova do Sono.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Forkbeard, redfish, wrasse, nudibranchs, lobsters, seabream, pagrus, john dory, ocean sunfish, moon fish, octopuses, shipwrecks, coral reefs, barracudas, goliath groupers, turtles.
  
• Depth: 10m - 40m
• Costs: Individual dives - €75 - €200 & Courses - €400 - €500

2. Banco Princesa Alice, The Azores

The Azores is a group of nine volcanic islands in the middle of the Atlantic. The Azores has a year-round temperate climate, making it an ideal destination for scuba diving trips at any time of the year. 

Banco Princesa Alice, located in The Azores, is an underwater mountain peak that rises from a depth of 35 meters and offers a unique ecosystem, home to a wide variety of marine life. When you go scuba diving here, you will find an extensive presence of mobula rays. These majestic creatures glide gracefully through the water, allowing divers to witness their magnificence in their natural habitat. 

Due to the strong currents, you can try drift diving, wall diving and even night diving to get a unique experience.

• Popular Diving Spots: Dollabarat, D. João de Castro, Comandante Hermenegildo Capelo, Corveta Oliveira e Carmo, Patrulha Zambeze
  
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Sharks, Galapagos sharks, devil rays, whales, turtles, sea birds, dolphins, Atlantic bonito, Almaco jack, mantas, groupers, barred hogfish, ornate wrasses, Mediterranean rainbow wrasses, blacktail combers, eels, octopus.
• Depth: 10m - 40m
  
• Costs: Individual dives - €55 - €440 & Courses - €250 - €1000

3. Baixa de Santa Catarina, The Madeira Islands

Baixa de Santa Catarina, located off the coast of The Madeira Islands, offers scuba divers crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life, making it an ideal location for all levels of divers. The site is known for its underwater cliffs, caves, and tunnels that add an extra dimension of excitement to each dive. 

One of the unique features of Baixa de Santa Catarina is the abundance of thermal vents that release warm water, creating an otherworldly experience for divers. The warm water attracts a variety of uncommon sea creatures like the blacktail comber and the ornate wrasse. 

• Popular Diving Spots: Vidamar House Reef, Bowbelle, Garajau, T-Reef, Reis Magos, Arena, Cais do Sardinha, Galo, 3 Marias, Madeirense, Coorveta Pereira D’Eca.
  
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Black corals, green fish, chestnuts, rays, seahorses, shipwrecks, caves, macro life, octopus, squid, crab, lobsters, scorpionfish, sea breams, turtles, blacktail comber, ornate wrasse.
  
• Depth: 13m - 40m
  
• Costs: Individual dives - €30 - €230 & Courses - €340 - €500

4. Caneiros de Fora, Leixões

Caneiros de Fora, located in Leixões, Portugal, is a popular spot for scuba diving enthusiasts due to the abundance of marine life that can be found here. The waters are crystal clear, offering excellent visibility for divers.

Aside from the marine life, the underwater landscape also beholds rock formations, caves, and canyons that create a unique and stunning underwater scenery. Divers can also swim through the kelp forests. Diving in Caneiros de Fora requires a valid diving certificate and appropriate equipment. 

• Popular Diving Spots: Brenha, Recreio do Sul, Batelao Cantanhede, Cardeal, Silver Valley.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Seabass, stilt, octopuses, moray eels, nudibranchs, seahorses, stingrays, groupers, barracudas, lobsters, seabreams, corals, sponges, john dorys, anemones.
  
• Depth: 5m - 25m
• Costs: Individual dives - €75 - €200 & Courses - €400 - €500 

5. U1277, Matosinhos

U Boat - 1277 is a WWII German submarine, now a shipwreck. The wreck of U boat -1277 is in a North-West direction from Oporto, laying at a depth of 31mts. This advanced dive site is recommended for experienced divers. There are ghost nets present around and one can still see the pressure hull, the combat periscope and the hatch without cover.

The spot is full of life because the submarine lyes like a reef attracting sea life and flora. Despite its somewhat deteriorated state, the U-1277 submarine is still one of the main points of interest in scuba diving in Portugal, being considered by some divers as the most iconic dive in Portuguese waters.

• Popular Diving Spots: Navio do Norte, Ruy Barbosa, Prego, Bezerros, Draga da Madalena, Rollo, The Barge, SS Kassamba, Jacob Maersk.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Anemones, pouts, eels, octopuses, lobsters, rooster, sunfish, macro-life.
  
• Depth: 5m - 32m
• Costs: Individual dives - €130 - €500 & Courses - €1600 - €4000

6. Pedra da Lagoa, Fonte da Telha

Scuba diving in Pedra da Lagoa is most suitable for experienced divers due to its strong currents. There is abundant marine life and two large stones with canyon-forming shelves roughly 30 meters apart. This site is locally known as the Lagoon Stone. The vibrant colours and plentiful fish life have led many to suggest that the Lagoon Stone dive offers the greatest diversity of life seen off the coast of mainland Portugal.

• Popular Diving Spots: Pedra dos Safios, Malha, Maria Eduarda shipwreck.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Seabream, triggerfish, pouts, lobsters, rock crabs, octopuses, congers, sponges, corals, starfish urchins.
• Depth: 5m - 30m
  
• Costs: Individual dives - €30 - €200 & Courses - €1600 - €4000

7. River Proa, Sesimbra

The River Gurara MV shipwreck is a popular dive spot in Sesimbra, Portugal. The cargo motor vessel sank in 1989 and is now split into two parts close to Cape Espichel. This shipwreck dive spot is typically the first dive for almost all dive centres.

The wreck has become a haven for marine life, and the site is also famous for technical diving training. Sesimbra has many interesting dive sites, making it an excellent destination for scuba diving enthusiasts. 

• Popular Diving Spots: River Gurara Popa, Ponta da Passagem, Pedra do Meio, Pedra do Leao, Jardim das Gorgonias.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Rock formations, shipwrecks, congers, pouts, seabreams, wrasses, morays, squids, octopuses.
  
• Depth: 5m - 30m
• Costs: Individual dives - €40 - €140 & Courses - €240 - €500

8. Dori Liberty Shipwreck, Sao Miguel

The Dori Liberty Shipwreck, located off the coast of Sao Miguel in Portugal, is a popular dive site and offers an unforgettable experience. Sunk in 1969, this massive ship is a stunning artificial reef with unique coral growth and a vibrant underwater garden.

One can dive through the ship's engine room, the cargo and the wheelhouse. Around the wreck, you must also explore the massive granite boulders that create a maze-like environment. 

• Popular Diving Spots: Willy Wonka, The Mirrors, Caloura Arches, The Anchors.
• Unique Underwater Attractions: Morays, octopuses, barracudas, amberjacks, groupers, stingrays, turtles, corals, reef fishes.
  
• Depth: 5m - 22m
• Costs: Individual dives - €40 - €200 & Courses - €415 - €540 

The best time to dive in Portugal is from October to May. The temperatures are cooler and there isn’t heavy rainfall towards the end of October. The waters surrounding Portugal are calmer during these months.

If you’re looking to explore more in Portugal, you can visit different places during different seasons to identify the best time for you to visit Portugal to have a wholesome vacation.

Before you go scuba diving in Portugal, be sure to carry these essential items: 

• Valid ID proof is a must
• Swimwear, dry bag and towels
• Scuba diving equipment, if you already have
• Hats, sunglasses and sunblock
• First aid kit

Scuba diving operators in Portugal will also provide you with scuba diving equipment. Be sure to check your equipment before you're in the water to avoid malfunctions.

• Dive only in designated areas, respect your environment and always pay attention to the guidelines set by your instructor.
• Wait for at least 2 hours after eating before you go scuba diving.
• Avoid diving under the influence of substances or if advised against by a medical practitioner.
• There should be a time gap of at least 24 hours between flying and going scuba diving.

Scuba diving in Portugal is an experience that any diving enthusiast should take advantage of. The country's unique location in the Caribbean Sea provides an ideal environment for diving, with calm waters and warm temperatures year-round. The extensive coastline and numerous dive sites will captivate even the most experienced divers. 

It never hurts to be ready for any unanticipated events that may occur while travelling. For this reason, obtaining International Travel Insurance to Portugal that covers adventure sports like scuba diving is essential before departing on your vacation! You can completely enjoy your scuba diving experience without worrying about money!