Do you know that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most reported hormonal disorders in females? 

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, the exact cause of PCOS is unknown. 

In this article, we have covered every point relating to PCOS, including its meaning, causes, risk factors, treatment and more. Read on!

The exact causes of PCOS are not known. However, we have listed down a few factors that might play a role:

• Hormonal Imbalance: The female body produces an excess of androgens (male hormones) due to hormonal imbalance. This imbalance leads to an interruption in the normal functioning of the ovaries. 
• Heredity: PCOS may run in families owing to certain genes. Hence, having a family history of PCOS might increase the chance of developing the condition. 
• Insulin Resistance: Elevated insulin levels can produce more male hormones - androgens. This might lead to problems in the ovulation process, that is, the release of eggs from the ovary. 
• Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet or high-stress levels can contribute to hormonal imbalances. This, in turn, increases the chances of developing PCOS.

To diagnose PCOS, your doctor will ask about your medical history and the symptoms you’re facing. They might also order a physical exam in order to check the health of your reproductive organs. You may have two common tests, which include ultrasound and blood tests.

1. Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves and a computer to create imagery of your ovaries to check for cysts. The test can also make out the thickness of your uterus lining. 
2. Blood Tests: The blood tests will determine your body's hormonal level, specifically androgens. Your doctor may also ask you to check your cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

The treatment for polycystic ovaries depends on a range of factors, including your age, and severity of symptoms, among other things. It may also depend on whether you’re planning to get pregnant shortly. Here are some of the best treatments for PCOS if you plan to get pregnant. 

• Change in Diet: Eating healthy and incorporating more physical activity in your routine can help you manage weight. 
• Ovulation Medicines: Certain ovulation medications can help release eggs properly. However, these medicines pose certain risks, like increasing the chance of multiple births.

For those who do not plan to become pregnant, treatment may include:

• Birth Control Pills: These help control period cycles, reduce acne and more.
• Diabetes Medication: This is often used to reduce insulin levels, manage androgens and control hair growth. 
• Lifestyle Changes: Eating healthy and regular exercise can reduce the overall symptoms of PCOS. 

This section discusses the most common symptoms of sciatic nerve injury: 

• Generalised Weakness in Muscles: Muscle weakness is considered to be one of the most severe symptoms of sciatica, which means that the nerve signals are facing problems in reaching the legs and back. 
• Numbness: Numbness means no sensation. This usually occurs when the nerve signals have problems reaching the brain. 
• Paresthesia: Paresthesia refers to the tingling and pricking sensation that is chiefly caused by any damage to the sciatic nerve.  
• Pain: When your sciatic nerve gets pressurised, the affected individual feels pain. Generally, the patients describe this type of pain as an electric shock that radiates to the legs. Pain intensity increases with activities such as sneezing, bending, and coughing. 
• Faecal and Urinary Incontinence: This also counts as a very severe symptom as this indicates the improper functioning of the sciatic nerve and the inability to control the bladder and bowel. 

If you experience missed or irregular periods and other common symptoms of PCOS like excessive hair growth, unexplained weight gain, acne, etc., you must reach out to a healthcare provider for consultation. 

There’s actually no way to prevent PCOS naturally. However, here are a few things you can do to improve your condition:

• Aim for a balanced weight with the help of regular exercise and a balanced diet.
• Regular exercise will help control insulin levels and manage weight.
• Ensure you get adequate and quality sleep each night, as sleep is important in hormone regulation.
• Regularly practice stress management techniques like yoga, meditation or other breathing exercises.

Thus, PCOS is a common condition that affects millions of females worldwide. While there is no one standard solution, understanding the causes and recognising risk factors can lead to a big difference in managing PCOS.